autopilot

An autopilotis a mechanical, electrical, or hydraulic  system used to guide a vehicle without assistance from a  human being. Most people understand an autopilot to  refer specifically to aircraft, but self-steering gear for  ships, boats, space craft and missiles are sometimes also  called by this term.

The autopilot of an aircraft is sometimes referred to as “George.

FIRST AUTOPILOTS

In the early days of aviation, aircraft required the continuous attention of a pilot in order to fly safely. As aircraft range increased allowing flights of many hours, the constant attention led to serious fatigue. An autopilot is designed to perform some of the tasks of the pilot.

The first aircraft autopilot was developed by Sperry Corporation in 1912. Lawrence Sperry (the son of famous inventor Elmer Sperry) demonstrated it two years later in 1914, and proved the credibility of the invention by flying the aircraft with his hands away from the controls and visible to onlookers.

The autopilot connected a gyroscopic Heading indicator and attitude indicator to hydraulically operated elevators and rudder (ailerons were not connected as wing cathedral was counted upon to produce the necessary roll stability.) It permitted the aircraft to fly straight and level on a compass course without a pilot’s attention, greatly reducing the pilot’s workload.



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